# Freight and TMS blog

> Practical guides for freight operators on LTL freight class, detention, drayage free time and running a group of trucking companies, from the Roadmark team.

URL: https://roadmark.ai/blog
Language: en

How LTL freight class, truck detention and drayage charges work, and how to run a group of trucking companies on one TMS or several.

- [Cabotage rules for Canada–U.S. trucking](https://roadmark.ai/blog/cabotage-canada-us-trucking): What Canadian carriers and drivers may haul inside the U.S., what U.S. carriers may haul inside Canada, and where customs and immigration rules draw the line.
- [Cross-docking for freight brokers: fees, load plans and OS&D](https://roadmark.ai/blog/cross-docking-for-freight-brokers): When cross-docking pays for a brokerage: rate cards, late inbounds, load plans, short and damaged pallets, and a day too long on the floor, with worked numbers.
- [What's my Canadian DOT number? CVOR, NSC and NIR explained](https://roadmark.ai/blog/cvor-nsc-safety-fitness-certificates): Canada has no DOT number. Carriers get an NSC number from their base province: a CVOR in Ontario, an NIR in Quebec, plus a USDOT number for U.S. runs.
- [ELD mandate in Canada: federal rules and each province](https://roadmark.ai/blog/eld-mandate-canada): Who needs a certified ELD in Canada, the exemptions, the hours it enforces, revoked devices, each province's dates and what changes at the U.S. border.
- [FSMA reefer records: temperature, pre-cooling and sanitation](https://roadmark.ai/blog/fsma-reefer-temperature-records): What FSMA's Sanitary Transportation rule asks of reefer carriers, shippers and receivers: operating temperatures, pre-cooling, procedures, training and records.
- [GST/HST and QST on freight invoices and zero-rated loads](https://roadmark.ai/blog/gst-hst-qst-freight-invoices): Which province's GST/HST applies to a freight service, when QST applies, when cross-border freight is zero-rated, and what a carrier's invoice must show.
- [Billed in USD, paid in CAD: FX on cross-border loads](https://roadmark.ai/blog/usd-cad-cross-border-loads): Which exchange rate to use on a USD freight invoice, GST/HST on foreign-currency amounts, realized FX gains and losses, and driver and carrier settlements.
- [ACE and ACI eManifest for highway carriers](https://roadmark.ai/blog/ace-aci-emanifest): Who files ACE and ACI eManifests, what data goes in, how far ahead, PAPS and PARS numbers, the errors that stop trucks at the border and the penalties.
- [TMS for an asset carrier with a brokerage](https://roadmark.ai/blog/tms-for-carrier-with-brokerage): What a carrier that also brokers freight needs from one TMS: one board for its trucks and outside carriers, separate authority and books, margin by division.
- [One TMS or several for a group of trucking companies?](https://roadmark.ai/blog/tms-for-groups-of-companies): How a group of carriers and brokerages keeps separate books, shares customers and records intercompany loads, whether it runs on one TMS or several.
- [Demurrage vs per diem vs detention in drayage](https://roadmark.ai/blog/demurrage-per-diem-detention): Who charges demurrage, per diem and detention on a container, when each clock starts and stops, and a worked import example with every charge computed.
- [Truck detention: how to measure it, bill it and pay drivers](https://roadmark.ai/blog/truck-detention-billing): How detention time is measured (ELD, geofence and dock timestamps against the appointment), free time, billing without disputes and the driver's share.
- [NMFC density-based freight class: what changed in 2025](https://roadmark.ai/blog/nmfc-density-freight-class): Since July 19, 2025, most LTL freight is classed by density on a 13-step NMFC scale. How to measure it, what it means for quotes, and how to avoid reweighs.

Companies, people and shipment figures in product examples are fictional. They illustrate workflows and are not customer testimonials or measured results.